The struggle for the affirmation of the principles of freedom of 'equality and tolerance has been a long painful and dramatic, and for that of the Martyrs of Gerace in Calabria was a very important stage.
Their names:
Michele Bella born in Siderno on 5/12/1822,
Pietro Mazzoni was born in Roccella on 02/21/1819, Gaetano
RUFFO born in Ardmore on 15/11/1822,
SALVADORI Domenico was born in White on 24/12 / 1822, Verdugo was born in
Rocco Carafe White 1 / 8 / 1824.
Their age did not exceed 28 years when they were shot by order of the Bourbon government October 2, 1847 and their bodies were thrown into a mass grave known as the "wolf". They belonged to wealthy families and were sent to Naples to attend university studies are necessary to its bright future, which seemed directed towards. In Naples feed of new liberal and patriotic ideas that now circulated in Europe between the layers of the enlightened bourgeoisie, and their liveliness were repatriated by the local gendarmerie. In addition, Michael Bello, Gaetano Ruffo and Pietro Mazzoni were Masons (the first two started in the Loggia "Lausanne" in Naples and the Mazzoni in the 'liberal humanists "of Catanzaro) carriers and witnesses of an ethic that requires to be tolerant and respectful of all human beings and their dignity. (The Martyrs were the instigators of all lodges in the fate Locride). In Calabria the young people they worked out a plan of insurrection, together with G. Domenico Romeo of Reggio Calabria and approved by the Committee of Naples, which involved the simultaneous uprising of Messina, not because failure occurred in the bud Reggio Calabria, smothered in blood with the beheading of Romeo, and the District of Gerace, then to spread throughout the Kingdom. The Five were active within the district and occupied white Ardore, Siderno Gioiosa Ionica and the cry of Pope Pius IX W, W Italy, W of the Constitution, slaughter the royal coat of arms, abolished the tax on flour, captured the Superintendent of Gerace, Anthony Bonafede from Palermo, who had distinguished himself for the hatred and cruelty shown in the capture and conviction of the United Brethren, in the quality of sottointendente Crotone enough to force the authorities to transfer him in the seat of Gerace, the Bonafede, forced to follow the insurgents, was not done no violence, and others. Had news of the failure of the revolt of Reggio Calabria and Messina, fearing a Bourbon troops landed, the rioters dispersed. The leaders, left alone, they were forced to find safety in flight. Betrayed by Nicola Ciccarelli Caulonia of the night between 9 and September 10, were arrested Michael Bello, Rocco Verduci, Domenico and Stefano Salvadori Twins, who were taken to jail to Gerace.
Mazzone and Ruffo, who had separated from his companions and headed for Catanzaro, initially momemto avoid capture, then returned to Locride were arrested Sept. 21 near Ruffo Siderno Mazzone and the next day near Roccella Ionica. Failed revolutionary movement with the arrest of the leaders of revolt was the moment of reckoning. The emergence of new Bonafede all its ferocity, the Commission urged the military jury to conclude its work immediately, acted as "witness with relentless cynicism and blatant cowardice of mind in front of those young people who so generously, had saved the life, which he now so badly used spewing accusations against them. " It is activated because the execution was not done quickly to give time to the general Nunziante sent by the king to stop the uprising to apply for and obtain the sovereign grace, he pursued after the execution even family members and friends of the movement with brutal determination, so as to cause a new transfer. Insurgents were condemned "for having stained with treason and for committing acts coming implementation of these crimes" and were shot on October 2, 1847 Plain Gerace. In fact they were "guilty" of having asked the Constitution and recognition of human dignity, trampled by an absolute and despotic power, despite the fact that the French Revolution, from the American advance, he said the inviolable rights of man and citizen .
Their tortured bodies were thrown into a common grave that "the wolf". Were sentenced to be shot even Gemelli Stefano Bianco and John Rossetti of Reggio Calabria, both aged 47, but the death penalty was commuted to 30 years in prison because not considered leaders. The bishop of Gerace Mgr. Luigi Maria Perrone few days later, during a church service held in the magnificent Norman cathedral, rejoiced for the shooting of five, taking a sermon on "Our conversation Moestitia east gaudium! The implementation of the Five Martyrs filled with indignation and horror Italy and the world. In many cities protested and celebrated solemn esequie.Numerose were persons who, in various Italian regions, in honor of their memory, took his hat to the Calabrian. At Rocca di Neto, some citizens had organized the abduction of Ferdinand II, but were betrayed and arrested. The king, among other things called "ignorant and stubborn, alien from good studies, he looked across men of letters and science, and mocked them with the name of Scribblerus "after four months of the shooting was forced to grant the Constitution, which shortly thereafter denied. The insurgency led by the Five did not have a big following because Ordinary people do not know the meaning of freedom-accustomed to centuries of absolute monarchy, nor the freedom of the press, for a mostly illiterate population. There was sufficient evidence to link the cultural aspirations of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The revolutionary action was not ripe, the people were not educated enough to withstand the weight of freedom because he did not know the words. The motion, which in any way contribute to open the minds of Calabria, also failed to follow military unpreparedness and the lack of a leader who could direct and coordinate the complex operation. On the site of the shooting stands a monument unveiled June 7, 1931, on which stands a bronze panel depicting the execution of the Heroes, by the sculptor Francesco Jerace.
REPEAT THAT HERE EVER
were shot at October 2, 1847 BY MICHAEL BELLO
SIDERNO
MAZZONE BY PETER ROCCELLA JONICA
RUFFO BOVALINO
SALVADORI DOMENICO GAETANO DA DA DA ROCCO BIANCONOVO
Verdugo JUG
PRECURSORS OF FREEDOM '
YEAR 1931
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